c89(CP)

Syntax

Description

The file argument must be C or assembly language source files, object files, or library files. Any files with a .c extension are treated as C source files; any files with a .s extension are treated as assembly language source files; and any files with a .a extension are treated as library files. A library file can be specified in the form -l library and a library file of the name liblibrary.a will be searched.

The object file produced by c89 has the same basename as the source file. The extension of the object file is .o. The result of a successful compilation is always copied to the object file if the option -c is specified.

c89 invokes the Standard C compiler for each C source file. For each assembly source file with extension .s, c89 invokes the assembler as(CP).

Object and library files are ignored until all source files have been compiled or assembled. Provided that options like -c or -E that prevent the link editing are not used and that all files are compiled without error, c89 links all the object files it has created together with object files and libraries given on the command line to produce a single program. The executable is a.out unless the option -o outfile is used, in which case outfile will be the filename of the executable. The file permissions of the executable is set to:

S_IRWXO | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXU

Options

The available options are:

-c

Produce an object file for each source file. The link editing phase is suppressed and no executable program is produced.

-g

Include additional symbol table information for debuggers in the output object or executable files.

-s

Strip symbol table information not required by exec(S) family routines from the executable or object output files. This option overrides the -g option if both are specified on the command line.

-o outfile

Use outfile as the name of the final executable program. The default name for the executable program is a.out.

-D name[=string]

Define name to the preprocessor. This has the same effect as if name were defined by a #define statement in each source file. name is set to the value of string if the format ``-D name=string'' is used. Otherwise, name has the value of 1. Multiple -D can be used on the command line. At least 256 names and 2,048 bytes of definitions may be defined through the -D option on the command line.

-E

Preprocess each C source file and copy the result to standard output. c89 also places a #line directive with the current input line number and source file name at the beginning of the output for each file.

-I directory

Search directory for an #include file before the standard list of directories are searched. If the filename of the #include file is enclosed in double quotes ("), the directory of the file containing the #include line is searched before directory is searched. If the filename of the #include file is enclosed in angle brackets (< >), only directory is searched, and then the standard list of directories are searched. At least ten -I can be used, but each instance of -I affects only source files appearing after it on the command line. Directories named in -I options are searched in the order they appear on the command line.

-l name

Search library file libname.a for unresolved routine references. The placement of -l is important: libname.a is searched for unresolved routine references only for files appearing before the -l name option on the command line. The following letters in name are recognized as standard libraries:

-l c

Search the XPG4 conforming library libc.a. Routines declared in <math.h> are not searched in this library. This library is always searched, regardless of whether the option -l c is used.

-l m

Search the XPG4 conforming library libm.a for routines declared in <math.h>. This library is searched by default.

-l l

Search the library libl.a for all other routines referenced by C source files produced by lex(CP) which are not in libc.a.

-l y

Search the library liby.a for all other routines referenced by C source files produced by yacc(CP) which are not in libc.a.

-L directory

Search directories listed in directory for library files before the standard list of library directories are searched. At least ten -L options can be used. These additional directories are searched in the same order in which they appear on the command line.

---

NOTE: If any one of the directories following -L has files also named as libc.a, libm.a, libl.a, or liby.a, these library files will be searched first. If an unresolved symbol is found in these library files, their contents will replace those in the standard libraries.

---

-O

Optimize the object code.

-U name

Remove or un-define initially defined name. If options -D and -U use the same name, name will be undefined.

Environment variables

LANG

Set the default value for all internationalization variables (of the form LC_*) that are either null or have not been set a value. The default value for LANG is taken from the system configured default locale, and this default value is used if LANG is null or has not been set. See locale(M) for how to set a system default locale. If any one of the internationalization variables has been set incorrectly, c89 treats all these internationalization variables as if they have not been set.

LC_ALL

If LC_ALL has been set to a non-empty string, it is the locale used for all other internationalization variables even when they are set.

LC_CTYPE

Use this locale in mapping sequences of bytes (in both arguments and input text files) to characters. The mapping follows the character classifications defined in the named locale.

LC_MESSAGES

Use this locale for standard error messages. The conventions are defined by the message catalogs for this locale. Both the format and contents of diagnostic messages may be affected by LC_MESSAGES.

NLSPATH

A pathname template for message catalogues.

TMPDIR

The default pathname value for a directory to hold temporary files, if there are any.

Limits on external symbols

Exit values

The c89 command returns an exit value of 0 if no error occurred, otherwise it returns a value greater than zero.

Diagnostics

If there is a compilation error, c89 produces an error message and continues on to the next source file. The link phase is suppressed if there are any compilation errors. If the program cannot be linked successfully, an error message is generated and c89 exits. Because any program that detects the error may produce an error message, some error messages may also be from the assembler or the linker.

Files

/bin/c89

See also

Standards conformance

X/Open CAE Specification, Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, 1992.