dup(F)

Description

The character special files /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr correspond to the standard input, output, and error respectively.

Examples

Another example is writing to the standard error from an awk script; the following awk actions are equivalent:

{ ... print "$1 is an illegal value" | "cat >&2"; ... }
{ ... print "$1 is an illegal value" > "/dev/stderr"; ... }

The following commands use a temporary file to compare the contents listings of two tar(C) archives:

tar tvf archive1 > /tmp/$$
tar tvf archive2 | diff - /tmp/$$
rm -f /tmp/$$

ksh process redirection can be used instead:

diff <(tar tvf archive1) <(tar tvf archive2)

Limitations

/dev/fd/

Files

/dev/stdin

corresponds to the standard input

/dev/stdout

corresponds to the standard output

/dev/stderr

corresponds to the standard error

/dev/fd/0 - /dev/fd/99

correspond to the file descriptors 0 to 99

See also